Optimal policies for stochastic clearing systems with time-dependent delay penalties

We study stochastic clearing systems with a discrete-time Markovian input process, and an output mechanism that intermittently and instantaneously clears the system partially or completely. The decision to clear the system depends on both quantities and delays of outstanding inputs. Clearing the system incurs a fixed cost, and outstanding inputs are charged a delay penalty, which is a general increasing function of the quantities and delays of individual inputs. By recording the quantities and delays of outstanding inputs in a sequence, we model the clearing system as a tree-structured Markov decision process over both a finite and infinite horizon. We show that the optimal clearing policies, under realistic conditions, are of the on-off type or the threshold type. Based on the characterization of the optimal policies, we develop efficient algorithms to compute parameters of the optimal policies for such complex clearing systems for the first time. We conduct a numerical analysis on the impact of the nonlinear delay penalty cost function, the comparison of the optimal policy and the classical hybrid policy (ie, quantity and age thresholds), and the impact of the state of the input process. Our experiments demonstrate that (a) the classical linear approximation of the cost function can lead to significant performance differences; (b) the classical hybrid policy may perform poorly (as compared to the optimal policies); and (c) the consideration of the state of the input process makes significant improvement in system performance.     

Purchase and retrieval competition for seasonal produce

We study the competition problem of purchase and multiretrieval of perishable seasonal produce, where wholesalers purchase and stock their products in the first period, and then retrieve and sell them in subsequent periods. We first consider the duopoly case and assume that the prices are exogenous and fluctuate. In each period, after the price realization, the wholesalers retrieve some stock from their warehouses to satisfy their demands. One wholesaler's unsatisfied customers can switch to another and be satisfied by its left retrieved products. Any unsold retrieved stock has no salvage value and any unsatisfied demand is lost. The unretrieved stock is carried to the next period at a perishable rate. The wholesalers compete for the substitute demand by determining their own purchase and retrieval quantities. We show the existence and uniqueness of a pure-strategy Nash equilibrium, and that the Nash equilibrium strategy has the simple “sell-down-to” structure. We also consider the general N-person game and show the existence of the Nash equilibrium, and characterize the structure of the equilibrium strategy for the symmetric case. In addition, we consider the case with endogenous prices, and show that the problem reduces to a repeated newsvendor game with price and inventory competition. We derive the conditions under which a unique Nash equilibrium exists and characterize the equilibrium strategy. Finally, we conduct numerical studies to examine the impacts of the model parameters on the equilibrium outcomes and to generate managerial insights.     

从石家庄战役看朱德的城市攻坚战术思想

石家庄战役是人民解放军转入战略进攻后攻克国民党军坚固设防的大中城市的首战,亦是解放战争时期人民解放军城市攻坚战的典范.朱德全程参与了这一战役的筹划、准备与组织实施,形成并完善了精心策划,充分准备,兼顾攻城和打援,随机应变;稳打稳进,加强土工作业,力求集中火力突破一点;讲求各部队、各兵种密切协同,充分发挥各自优势,合力进攻;创新巷战战术,猛推、深插、狠打,突击前进等城市攻坚战术思想,其中许多战法为此后人民解放军历次城市攻坚战所借鉴和运用.     

静止条件下轨道发射器瞬态电磁场分布有限元模拟

在电枢静止条件下建立了简单轨道发射器及块状电枢的三维有限元模型。利用ANSYS模拟得到了轨道及电枢内的瞬态电流密度分布。结果显示,在通电过程中电流趋向轨道内侧表面,并在电枢尾部与轨道接触处集中,电流线聚集是造成轨道和电枢之间放电烧蚀的最主要原因。同时得到的还有轨道发射器周围空间的瞬态磁场分布,其结果表明,感应磁场主要集中分布在靠近电枢尾部一侧的两轨道间,并向后延续到约等于4倍口径的长度,电枢所在的位置正好是磁场激增区域。     

基于轨道发射器烧蚀的结构优化设计及有限元模拟

从简单轨道发射器的结构组成和烧蚀机理入手,分析并总结引起简单轨道发射器烧蚀的原因,提出通过改变轨道发射器的结构来改善导轨烧蚀的方法,设计一套结构优化设计方案并对其进行相应的ANSYS有限元模拟,其结果证明该方案能够较好地解决电磁轨道发射器烧蚀的问题。     

二维Turbo编码的无人机通信研究

传统基于RS-Turbo码的系统需要提供RS译码及Turho译码2种不同的译码算法需求,使得译码器的软硬件设计复杂化,无法满足无人机通信要求.从理论上分析了Turbo码的性能特点,提出一种改进的二维turbo迭代算法,并应用在无人机通信仿真中.仿真结果表明该算法在低信噪比时能够提升误码率性能,且易于工程实现.     

是"弃基保沪"还是牵制战略--略论刘铭传基沪战役战略意义

1884-1885年中法战争中,法国海军采取“踞地为质”的战略,妄图占领台湾基隆和沪尾(即淡水),以达到向清廷勒索赔款的阴谋。而台湾首任巡抚刘铭传基于双方军事力量对比,采取“将欲取之必先与之”、以退为进、以守为攻的军事牵制战略,利用基隆附近有利山势地形,扬长避短,与法军展开拉锯战,待机破敌,有利地消耗了法军有生力量,最终取得基沪战役胜利,实现了抗法保台的战略目标。     

欧盟防务一体化的最初尝试——欧洲防务共同体

本文主要介绍当今欧盟防务一体化的最初尝试,即1950年至1954年的欧洲防务共同体设想,阐述其由来、失败的简短历程及其影响。     

惯性导航系统故障诊断的不确定性问题研究

针对构造惯性导航系统 ( INS)故障诊断所面临的确定性和不确定性问题 ,提出了基于模糊集理论的诊断方法 ,并给出诊断系统自动获取不确定性证据和确定性证据隶属度的方法及函数 .认为对于确定性证据和不确定性证据可以用统一的方法和原则来处理 ,并建立了两类证据的实用数学模型     

语音总体效能的计算机客观评价方法研究

多媒体界面中的语音评价问题尚处于研究阶段。本文探讨了语音评价的基本方法，重点对语音的客观评价方法进行研究，提出了一种应用语音分析技术进行语音总体效能客观评价的计算机处理方法。